The Liquidity Versus Illiquidity Debate - Why It Matters to Us
Investment Solutions | Market Insights
By

Paul Ashworth, Managing Partner

Posted 28 April 2025

For investors, the consideration of liquidity when investing in asset classes can be quite vexed. It is a conversation normally couched around the (presented) benefits of a particular investment. Typically, illiquid investments are presented and packaged in vehicles or fund structures covering investments in private equity, venture capital, esoteric trading strategies, infrastructure, property and certain credit. They also typically have sponsors who seek to make illiquidity accessible. Alternatively, public markets provide the access to investment, covering publicly listed equities, bonds, cash and derivatives (options, futures). There are merits to both liquid and illiquid assets, and more importantly, dependent on the investment fundamentals itself and the investor’s own needs and requirements. In short, there is no one correct approach or policy, but there is a need to understand the trade-offs.

In Australia, illiquid investments can be in the form of direct investment (wholesale managed funds, property syndicates, direct property) or more opaque, indirect investment types (Industry Superannuation Funds via private equity, property development, infrastructure).

At Cameron Harrison, our prism of review and analysis is focussed on optimal risk-adjusted returns post fees. We principally achieve this with high quality liquid investments which provide the benefit of tactical asset allocation management, significant diversification and lower management and transaction costs. There is of course a client’s specific utility preference which also needs to be taken account of. Whilst there is portfolio structuring merit in investing in certain illiquid assets, in over 40 years of managing client wealth, typically the benefits to the sponsor through fees and lock-up outweigh the benefits.    

1. Risk-adjusted returns post fees

When considering post fee returns there can be little difference between public equity and private equity. The advantage of access to other investments not otherwise available on public exchanges can be lost through the high fee structure of 2% management and 20% performance fees.

Venture capital has widely varying returns, but on average underperforms public markets with higher risk and fees.

Public equities have lower costs, lower volatility and risk (Sharpe Ratio). For publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITS), 10-year returns approximate equities but with more volatility due to cyclical nature of the various property classes.

2. Psychology of the Investor

There can be conflicting investor positions. On one hand, liquidity and access to capital can be reassuring to investors as it allows for access, withdrawal and risk alignment. It can also, result in an array of behavioural basis such as loss aversion, herd mentality, panic decision making, recency bias and so on, all of which may contradict an agreed strategy and informed awareness of volatility.

Private markets and illiquidity can assist to ‘anchor’ an investor into a strategy and mitigate the biases of short-term downward price movements. It can also assist with creating a ‘store of wealth’, which is separate and protected from spending and consumption.

3. Diversification

A fundamental benefit in achieving sustainable risk-adjusted returns is diversification both across and within asset classes combined with investment size. Public markets with low costs to own and sell and efficiency pricing (and spreads) allow investors to construct highly diversified portfolio.      

In our recent Feb 25 article, ‘Diversification – is this really a free lunch’ we stated that diversification is in fact a free lunch for optimum risk-adjusted returns. Public markets make achieving diversification straight forward and cost effective. Illiquid market investments can also be beneficial to diversification. It is important however, that investment sizes are not disproportionate to investment wealth and the required utility and return profile of the capital pool.

In summary, Cameron Harrison considers that worldwide public markets provide desirable low-cost access and liquidity for equities, bonds, commodities, derivatives and increasingly exchange traded funds with varying themes and levels of information efficiency. We are not persuaded that market volatility of itself is an adequate reason to invest in illiquid investments. Controlling price movement ‘noise’ from public investments can achieve the same result. 

However, what illiquid private investments can provide, is access to private investment opportunities which are simply not suited to public markets. This is a case-by-case investment analysis which then needs to be assessed according to the fee structure (management, performance and indirect fees).     

Speak to one of our advisers to learn more: paul.ashworth@cameronharrison.com.au

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